Use of Electrical Stimulation in Producing Spinal Fusion (IMAGE)

Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group

Use of Electrical Stimulation in Producing Spinal Fusion

Caption

Conceptual illustrations of the 3 types of electrical stimulation therapies used in spinal fusion. A: Posterolateral L3-5 inter-transverse process spinal fusion using bone graft, without electrical stimulation. B-D: Same procedure illustrating postoperative adjuvant therapy with direct current stimulation (B), capacitive coupling stimulation (C), or inductive coupling stimulation (D). In B, the electric generator is typically implanted subcutaneously. In C and D, the electric generators are externally located.

Credit

Copyright 2019 Ethan Cottrill.

Usage Restrictions

Copyright 2019 Ethan Cottrill. For permission to reuse, contact Jo Ann Eliason at joanneliason@thejns.org.

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