Map (IMAGE)

Estonian Research Council

Map

Caption

The prevalence of the Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1a1-M458 carrying a fixed r2/r3 inversion. (A) Geographical distribution of haplogroup R1a1-M458 and its sub-lineages in Europe. Pie charts indicate populations, with the black sector showing the proportion of R1a1-M458 according to Underhill et al., 2015. (B) The estimated proportion of subjects among idiopathic cases with severe spermatogenic failure (sperm counts 0-10 × 106/ejaculate) carrying R1a1-M458 Y lineage (and its sub-lineages) chromosomes that have undergone a subsequent partial AZFc deletion. The prevalence was estimated using reported population frequencies of R1a1-M458, including Estonians (Underhill et al., 2015) and data available in the current study for Estonian men with spermatogenic failure. Estonians are shown in bold and with a striped filling.

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University of Tartu

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