Key Challenges (IMAGE) Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology Caption Binary questions that address four key challenges in HCS: interpreting evidence, bridging dynamics across scales, establishing causal mechanics, and estimating uncertainty Credit Degroot et al., 2021 Usage Restrictions Please provide credit information with reuse License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.