Asian population clusters and their relative position with respect to known centers of rice/millet domestication (IMAGE)
Caption
Blue clusters showed predominant South Asian ancestry, while red ones are enriched for East and South East Asian ancestry. Red concentric circles indicate archaeological sites along the Yangtze River valley in Eastern China where remains suggesting usual consumption of wild rice have been dated to at least 12,000 years ago. Green concentric circles indicate archaeological sites in the Hebei and Manchuria provinces of Northern China where remains suggesting early cultivation of broomcorn millet and foxtail millet were found. Conversely, all the remaining clusters were used as control groups (i.e., populations not expected to have evolved adaptations to cereal?based diets despite using rice as a staple food). Blue concentric circles indicate archaeological sites across the Indo?Gangetic Plain where evidence for more recent domestication of O. sativa indica was found.
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Evolutionary Applications
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