Figure 2 (IMAGE)

Institute for Basic Science

Figure 2

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Conceptual illustration of direct versus vicarious fear in mice

The left panel depicts direct fear, in which a mouse experiences an immediate threat such as a predator or footshocks, leading to robust defensive reactions and activation of survival circuits. The right panel illustrates vicarious fear, where a bystander mouse observes another's distress, resulting in fear-related behaviors (e.g., freezing) despite no direct threat.

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Institute for Basic Science

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