Exosome-mediated Crosstalk in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Critical Drivers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression (IMAGE)
Caption
We have discussed how exosomes contribute to tumor growth by creating an immunosuppressive environment. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in the context of HCC is considerable. They have the potential to be utilized as targeted drug delivery systems, to modulate the immune system, and even to serve as vaccines to enhance anti-cancer immunity.
Nevertheless, several challenges remain, particularly those related to the heterogeneity of exosomes, the effectiveness of exosome isolation and delivery, and the possibility that exosomes may promote rather than inhibit tumor growth. Future research needs to focus on exploring the specific molecular mechanisms by which exosomes influence the interactions and functional regulation of different cellular components within the TIME. The development of models incorporating various cell types within the TIME is essential for better understanding the synergistic effects. Such approaches will allow researchers to study the collective effects of cell interactions in the tumor immune microenvironment, uncover the intricate processes of exosome-tumor-immune interactions, and identify new therapeutic targets. To fully exploit exosomes as a therapeutic tool, it is essential to develop advanced techniques for their isolation and characterization. Moreover, clinical research is necessary to ascertain the safety and efficacy of exosome-based therapies in patients with HCC.
Credit
Xiangyu Zhong, Judy Wai Ping Yam, Yi Xu, Yifei Ge, Lixue Jiang
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CC BY-NC