Multi-layer delay spreading (IMAGE)
Caption
Three different layers contribute to the spread of a delay: infrastructure contact, rolling stock contact, and personnel contact.
(a) When infrastructure (e.g., tracks or platforms) is occupied, for example, by another train in transit, the upper train will spread its delay onto the bottom train.
(b) A train service has to wait for the arrival of the corresponding traction units being used by another service. The arriving train can spread the delay to the waiting train.
(c) This example shows how delays can be passed on through infrastructure and rolling stock. Data for personnel were not available for the study.
(d) A train service can transmit its delay through proximity contact (light blue) and rolling stock contact (orange). In this example, trains A and B compete for infrastructure resources (a free track section) at time t1. Trains B and C have a similar interaction at time t3, propagating the delay generated from A. Train D shares its rolling stock with train E at time t2, meaning train E needs to wait for train D’s arrival.
Credit
Complexity Science Hub
Usage Restrictions
Please mention with credit
License
Licensed content