Major changes in energy metabolism levels in ACLF (acute-on-chronic liver failure) (IMAGE)
Caption
Major changes in energy metabolism levels in ACLF (acute-on-chronic liver failure) include: (1) High levels of inflammation activate the body’s neurohumoral response axis, regulating the catabolic metabolism of peripheral organ systems (such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue) to provide sufficient energy for immune cells; (2) Immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming with increased levels of glycolysis, focusing primarily on anabolic metabolism to produce adequate nucleotides and proteins.
These are used to secrete cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and chemokines, which further enhance the inflammatory response and assist in pathogen clearance.
Credit
Zuojiong Gong, Danmei Zhang
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CC BY-NC