The SURD method for determination of causality (IMAGE)

California Institute of Technology

The SURD method for determination of causality

Caption

This diagram depicts the decomposition of the various types of causality according to the SURD method: unique (pink), synergistic (orange), and redundant (dark grey) for two observed variables, to understand the future effect (Qj+). The hidden causality, or leak, is shown depicted in light grey, at the periphery.

Credit

Martínez-Sánchez, et al., Nature Communications, 2024

Usage Restrictions

none

License

Original content

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.