Schematic Representation of the Mechanism of Ischemic Stroke Treatment with m-EAI (IMAGE)
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(A) After an ischemic stroke, various types of cells in the central nervous system undergo distinctive morphological changes. Neurons in the ischemic core are the most severely affected, with a loss of cell bodies and axons. Glial cells typically exhibit cytoplasmic swelling. Neurons in the ischemic penumbra, referred to as “ischemic neurons”, are relatively viable. Microglia can transform into an “activated state”, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. (B) After EAI, arterial pulsation accelerates ISF drainage in the ischemic penumbra, enhances the clearance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces the activation of glial cells, thereby rescuing neurons in the ischemic penumbra. This schematic is for illustration purposes and is not to scale.
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