Caption
Morphological changes in C. oleifera seeds at different developmental stages. (A) Dynamic changes in C. oleifera fruit and seed development under a stereomicroscope. (B) Complete microstructure of a longitudinal section of C. oleifera seeds, showing the anatropous ovule. The red box represents a magnified view of the selected area, showing the embryo and suspensor. (C–H) Morphological changes in the embryo and endosperm during seed morphogenesis. (C1, C2) were sampled at stage S1, (D1–D3) at stage S2, (E1, E2) at stage S3, (F1–F3) at stage S4, (G1–G2) at stage S5, and (H1, H2) at stage S6. The red arrows point to the embryos and the green arrows point to the suspensors. S1–S6 represent stage 1 (S1, 180 DAP), stage 2 (S2, 200 DAP), stage 3 (S3, 220 DAP), stage 4 (S4, 240 DAP), stage 5 (S5, 260 DAP), and stage 6 (S6, 280 DAP), respectively. FZ, funicle zone; MZ, micropyle zone; SP, suspensor; EM, embryo; EN, endosperm; CZ, chalaza zone; II, inner integument; OI, outer integument; VB, vascular bundle. The scale bar in A is 1 cm, and the scale bar in B-H2 is 100 μm.