Granzyme B is detected and measured by the 68Ga-NOTA-GZP scan of bowel with active inflammation. (IMAGE)
Caption
Visual Abstract. Active bowel inflammation disrupts the bowel cell lining, which causes the inflammatory T cells to secrete Granzyme B into the extracellular space, progressively accentuating the inflammatory response through a feed-forward mechanism. In the normal or non-inflamed bowel, there is no extracellular Granzyme B and therefore, 68Ga-NOTA-GZP PET does not show any uptake in the bowel (upper panel), while with active inflammation, the secreted active form of Granzyme B is detected and quantifiable by 68Ga-NOTA-GZP PET imaging (lower panel).
When the bowel is inflamed, it damages the cells lining the bowel. This damage makes certain immune cells, called T cells, release a substance called Granzyme B into the space outside the cells. This release causes more inflammation in a cycle that keeps worsening. In a healthy or non-inflamed bowel, there is no Granzyme B outside the cells, so a special imaging scan called 68Ga-NOTA-GZP PET doesn’t show anything in the bowel (as seen in the top image). However, in a bowel with active inflammation, the released Granzyme B is detected and measured by the 68Ga-NOTA-GZP scan (as seen in the bottom image).
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Images created by Dr. P. Heidari and A. Hajmirazaian, et al, MGH, Boston, MA,
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