Genetic editing of GSE3 enables fully mechanized hybrid rice breeding (IMAGE)
Caption
a, Traditional labor-intensive (left) and the next-generation mechanized (right) production of F1 hybrid seeds are compared. In a traditional hybrid seed production process, the male sterile line needs to be grown near the restorer line in the alternative row for pollination (left). Before large-scale mechanized harvesting of hybrid seeds, the restorer line needs to be removed from the field by hand labor. The next-generation approach for F1 hybrid seed production is to plant the sterile line in the mixture with the restorer line, harvest mixed seeds of the male sterile line and the restorer line, and mechanically separate hybrid seeds by the sieve according to the seed size differences between the male sterile line and the restorer line (right); b. A proposed model for the GSE3-GS2 regulatory module in controlling grain size. The GSE3 positively regulates grain size. GS2 directly binds to the promoter region of grain size genes. GS2 recruits GSE3 to co-regulate the common target genes. This co-regulation is achieved by influencing the histone H4 acetylation of the promoter region, leading to the regulation of grain size; c. Mechanized hybrid seed production can be achieved for some elite hybrid rice varieties only by editing the GSE3 gene in male sterile lines when the grain thickness difference between the restorer lines and the male sterile lines was relatively large. For other elite hybrid rice varieties, mechanized hybrid seed production can be achieved by editing the GSE3 gene in male sterile lines and the GS2 gene for large grains or other large grain size genes in the restorer lines.
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