Evolutive phase relationship between benthic δ18O and δ13C records at the 405-ka cycle during the Oligo-Miocene. (IMAGE)

Science China Press

Evolutive phase relationship between benthic δ18O and δ13C records at the 405-ka cycle during the Oligo-Miocene.

Caption

(a) Locations of the sites discussed in this study, highlighting the new IODP Site U1505 (red star). (b and c) Overview of the benthic δ18O and δ13C records with the evolution of the polar ice sheets (gray shadow). (d) Global ocean crust production rates with 95% confidence intervals. (e) Reconstructed atmospheric CO2 levels derived from boron isotope and alkenone. The occurrence of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is shown by an orange rectangle (f and g) Eccentricity sensitivity of benthic δ18O and δ13C (Secc-δ18O and Secc-δ13C) from selected IODP/ODP sites. (h) Evolutive phase relationship between δ18O and δ13C records in the 405-ka bands. Only results with a coherence >0.6 are presented. Positive and negative phase relationships indicate that δ18O leads and lags δ13C, respectively. Yellow shading marks the period when δ13C leads δ18O during the MCO.

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