Ensuring rice yield upon heat stress, more at nighttime than at daytime (IMAGE)
Caption
(a), Diurnal expression of OsGRP3/OsGRP162 regulated by OsELF3-2. Under warm day conditions, the expression of OsGRP3/OsGRP162 (blue line) is largely suppressed by Evening Complex (EC) at midnight because OsELF3-2 (red line) is highly expressed at this timepoint. Under warm night conditions, the expression of OsELF3-2 is down-regulated by heat stress, lifting the expression level of OsGRP3/OsGRP162 at midnight. (b), Promoting exon inclusion by OsGRP3/OsGRP162 under heat stress conditions. Serine-rich (SR) proteins bind to exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) and interact with U1/U2 components to stimulate RNA splicing and joining two adjacent exons, in contrast, glycine-rich (GR) proteins OsGRP3/OsGRP162 bind to ESEs and interact with U1/U2 components to promote exon inclusion (prevent exon skipping) in rice under heat stress conditions. (c), Diurnal regulation of thermotolerance by OsGRP3/OsGRP162. Heat stress rhythmically down-regulates the expression of OsELF3, one of the EC components, to release the inhibitory effect of EC on the expression of OsGRP3/OsGRP162, leading to rhythmical expression peak of OsGRP3/OsGRP162 at midnight (ZT 18 h) and diurnal thermotolerance in rice.
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