Intelligent catalysis-therapeutic schematics of MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles. (IMAGE)
Caption
Construction of MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles from natural MΦs and Fe3O4@PLGA NPs. The MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles permit controlled catalysis for killing MDR E. coli without harming normal cells. At catalysis step 1, the MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA particles produce H2O2 and lipid droplets (LDs) in response to pathogens by means of the M1-like polarization of the MΦ. At catalysis step 2, the LDs contain antimicrobial peptides, which target the MDR E. coli. The H2O2 further reacts with the Fe3O4@PLGA NPs to trigger a Fenton reaction that produces highly toxic ROS. The LDs and ROS kill the intracellular bacteria. At catalysis step 3, the MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA releases H2O2 outside the cells, which reacts with the Fe3O4@PLGA NPs to produce highly toxic ROS to kill MDR E. coli in the infectious microenvironment. Finally, the MΦ–Fe3O4@PLGA exhibits an excellent treatment effect toward peritonitis in vivo. TBRG4: transforming growth factor β regulator 4; CD: cluster of differentiation antigen; ABHD1: abhydrolase domain containing 1; ABHD3: abhydrolase domain containing 3; IL-6: interleukin 6; C3: complement component 3; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; CCL9: chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 9.
Credit
Jieni Fu et al.
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CC BY-NC-ND