News by Subject Social & Behavior

As a growing number of adolescents identify as transgender, a review aims to help primary care physicians care for this vulnerable group and its unique needs. The review, published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) looks at emerging evidence for managing gender dysphoria, including social and medical approaches for youth who are transitioning.

The results of clinical trials conducted in Ethiopia by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), in partnership with Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), the University of Gondar, and Addis Ababa University, open the way for more effective and safer treatments for people with both HIV and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a group of patients who have historically suffered from poor treatment options. The results were published today in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Sociologists at the Higher School of Economics showed that preschool education has its own hidden curriculum: kindergarten teachers transmit social norms to children, including conservative ideas of femininity and masculinity. Girls are expected to have 'proper' character and behavior, to be obedient and pretty, take an interest in music and dance, and to like the color pink.

scientists at UC San Francisco have zeroed in on a possible genetic mechanism for this highly durable phenomenon, that -- while it does not preclude the influence of other biological, social and environmental factors -- suggests an important role for the second X chromosome, which is present in female mammals. The X chromosome contains many genes related to the brain, and it is crucial for survival.

Sex workers who face repressive policing are more likely to experience violence and poorer health and well-being, according to new research published in PLOS Medicine.

Different factors were associated with falling in men versus women in a study of 3,112 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older. The findings are published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

When young women believe more men are becoming stay-at-home dads, they are more likely to imagine themselves as the financial providers for their future families. When they don't think men's roles are changing, they are more likely to see themselves as their future families' primary caregivers, researchers found.

Young black men who have sex with men are 16 times more likely to have an HIV infection than their white peers, despite being less likely to have unsafe sex, reports a large, new study. The men's social networks are more dense and interconnected, which makes infections transmitted more efficiently through the group. That, coupled with the higher HIV prevalence in the population, means any sexual act has a higher chance of HIV transmission.

Smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle have long been linked to heightened symptoms of menopause. Now, a study headed by UC San Francisco has identified another factor that may add to menopause torment: an emotionally abusive partner or spouse.