Charlottesville, VA (March 12, 2013). In a study of 90 patients undergoing surgery for brain tumor, researchers in Lithuania (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences) and the United States (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University) have discovered that the finding of low T3 (triiodothyronine) syndrome is predictive of unfavorable clinical outcomes and depressive symptoms. Details of this study are furnished in the article "Low triiodothyronine syndrome as a predictor of poor outcomes in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery: a pilot study. Clinical article," by Adomas Bunevicius, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues, published today online, ahead of print, in the Journal of Neurosurgery.
Low T3 syndrome is a term used to describe the finding of low blood serum concentrations of T3, which can be accompanied by abnormal T4 (thyroxine) to T3 conversion and high concentrations of reverse T3 (rT3) without any obvious sign of thyroid disease. Previous reports have shown that the finding of low levels of T3 in critically ill patients and patients undergoing surgery for some disorders is widespread and associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. To see if this was true for patients undergoing brain tumor surgery, Dr. Bunevicius and colleagues performed perioperative thyroid function tests. (Surgery is the most common treatment for brain tumors.) The researchers also examined whether there was an association between low T3 syndrome and symptoms of anxiety and depression, which in patients harboring brain tumors are common complications and are associated with poor prognoses.
The researchers evaluated thyroid function profiles in 90 patients (median age 55 years, 71% women) on the morning of brain surgery and again on the following morning. If patients were found to have a free T3 level of 3.1 picomoles per liter (pmol/L) or less, they were given a diagnosis of low T3 syndrome. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used pre- and postoperatively to identify cases of anxiety and depression. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was used at the time of hospital discharge to determine clinical outcomes.
The researchers identified a high prevalence of low T3 syndrome in this patient cohort: 38% of patients before brain tumor surgery and 54% of patients after surgery. In a comparison of preoperative and postoperative thyroid hormone profiles, the researchers found significant decreases in the concentrations of free T3 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as well as in the T4 to T3 conversion; they also found significant increases in the concentration of free T4 (all p < 0.001). Perioperative low T3 syndrome was associated with a five-fold increased risk of unfavorable outcome at the time of hospital discharge, compared to patients with normal T3 concentrations. A significantly increased risk of unfavorable outcome was associated with preoperative and postoperative low T3 syndrome in a univariate binary regression analysis as well as in a multivariate binary regression analysis in which adjustments were made for patient age and sex, preoperative impairments in function, histological type of brain tumor, and previous treatment for brain tumor.
There were significant improvements in postoperative scores for symptoms of depression and anxiety, when compared with scores obtained preoperatively. The researchers found a four-fold increased risk of preoperative symptoms of depression in patients with preoperative low T3 syndrome. The association between these two factors was verified in a univariate regression analysis and in a multivariate regression analysis in which adjustments were made for sociodemographic and clinical factors.
The researchers note: "this is the first study to examine perioperative thyroid axis function in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery." The primary finding of the study is that low T3 syndrome is a clear biomarker for unfavorable clinical outcomes in this patient group. Diagnosis and preoperative management of low T3 syndrome should therefore be a consideration in patients undergoing surgery for brain tumor. Adds Dr. Adomas Bunevicius, the first author, "Thyroid hormone concentrations can easily be investigated in routine clinical settings. The tests are inexpensive and readily available worldwide. Thyroid hormone concentrations can be potentially relevant for risk stratification in patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors."
Bunevicius A, Deltuva V, Tamasauskas S, Tamasauskas A, Laws ER Jr., Bunevicius R. Low triiodothyronine syndrome as a predictor of poor outcomes in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery: a pilot study. Clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery, published online, ahead of print, March 12, 2013; DOI: 10.3171/2013.1.JNS121696.
Disclosure: This research was funded by a grant (MIP-10315) from the Research Council of Lithuania. The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.
For additional information, please contact:
Ms. Jo Ann M. Eliason, Communications Manager
Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group
One Morton Drive, Suite 200
Charlottesville, VA 22903
Email: jaeliason@thejns.org
Telephone 434-982-1209
Fax 434-924-2702
For 68 years, the Journal of Neurosurgery has been recognized by neurosurgeons and other medical specialists the world over for its authoritative clinical articles, cutting-edge laboratory research papers, renowned case reports, expert technical notes, and more. Each article is rigorously peer reviewed. The Journal of Neurosurgery is published monthly by the JNS Publishing Group, the scholarly journal division of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Other peer-reviewed journals published by the JNS Publishing Group each month include Neurosurgical Focus, the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, and the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. All four journals can be accessed at http://www.thejns.org. Founded in 1931 as the Harvey Cushing Society, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) is a scientific and educational association with more than 8,300 members worldwide. The AANS is dedicated to advancing the specialty of neurological surgery in order to provide the highest quality of neurosurgical care to the public. All active members of the AANS are certified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (Neurosurgery) of Canada, or the Mexican Council of Neurological Surgery, AC. Neurological surgery is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders that affect the entire nervous system including the brain, spinal column, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. For more information, visit http://www.AANS.org.
Journal
Journal of Neurosurgery