image: This is a photomicrograph of mayfly specimen in Miocene Dominican amber. view more
Credit: Penney D, McNeil A, Green DI, Bradley RS, Jepson JE, et al. (2012) Ancient Ephemeroptera–Collembola Symbiosis Fossilized in Amber Predicts Contemporary Phoretic Associations. <i>PLoS ONE</i> 7(10): e47651. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047651
A mayfly trapped in 16-million-year-old-amber reveals a hitchhiking springtail, a wingless arthropod that is amongst the most commonly found bugs all over the world. The new research, published Oct 17 in the open access journal PLOS ONE led by David Penney from the University of Manchester, UK, is the first to show that springtails travelled on winged insects like mayflies, and only the second example of this mode of travel by springtails in the past or present.
Springtails are among the most abundant group of arthropods, found in large numbers in soil all over the world. Previous research suggests that they may have spread via ocean currents or by wind as part of the aerial plankton, but traveling on another insect of a different species has not been observed in present-day springtails. Only one previous fossil preserved in amber suggests that ancient springtails may have travelled in this fashion (on a harvestman).
Mayflies can fly for no more than a few hours to a few days of their lives, and have not been seen to transport other bugs, either in fossils or in present-day studies. According to the authors, this is the first observation of such an interaction between adult mayflies and any hitchhiking organism, and the first example of springtails hitching rides on flying insects.
Lead author on the study Penney says, "This is a truly remarkable specimen. It highlights the potential for such fossils which provide snapshots of behaviours 'frozen in time' to provide clues to ecological associations occurring right under our noses today, but which may have gone unnoticed to date."
Citation: Penney D, McNeil A, Green DI, Bradley RS, Jepson JE, et al. (2012) Ancient Ephemeroptera–Collembola Symbiosis Fossilized in Amber Predicts Contemporary Phoretic Associations. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47651. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047651
Financial Disclosure: The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council are acknowledged for funding the Manchester X-Ray Imaging Facility at the University of Manchester. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interest Statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
PLEASE LINK TO THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE IN ONLINE VERSIONS OF YOUR REPORT (URL goes live after the embargo ends):
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047651
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PLOS ONE