News Release

World's first 'robot scientist' proves a major success in the lab

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

A "robot scientist" that generates hypotheses about the function of particular genes in baker's yeast - and then designs and carries out experiments to test them - has been developed by a team of British scientists, according to new research published in the journal Nature today [14 January 2004].

"This research is very exciting as we have given the robot – under our supervision - the ability to design the experiments and interpret the data for us," says Professor Ross King from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. "There is increasing need for automation in the biological sciences and, although the problems we set for the robot were relatively simple, we have shown that it could be used to help solve real-world problems."

The researchers set the robot the problem of discovering the function of different genes in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The functions of about 30% of the 6,000 genes in yeast are still unknown and, with many of these genes thought to be common to the human genome, they could prove to be medically important in the future. The research involved using "knockout" strains of yeast that have had one gene removed. By observing how the yeast grows, or doesn't grow, on defined chemical substrates, it is possible to start establishing different possible functions for the gene being investigated. "This is like trying to understand what the different components in a car do by removing them one by one, " says Professor King.

The robot scientist generates a set of hypotheses from what it knows about biochemistry and then plans an experiment that will eliminate as many hypotheses as possible, as fast and as cheaply as possible. It conducts experiments by dispensing and mixing liquids and then measuring the growth of yeast using an adjacent plate reader that feeds the results back into the system. The robot then evaluates the results against the set of hypotheses, generates new hypotheses, and the process starts again - the same type of cycle human scientists use to understand the world.

Although artificial intelligence has made a number of significant contributions to scientific discovery over the past 30 years, its general impact on experimental science has been limited, but this may be about to change with the increased use of automation in scientific research. The need for automation is particularly important in the branch of science known as systems biology where scientists are trying to understand how genes work together to form living cells.

###

CONTACT:
Professor Ross King, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
Tel: 44-197-062-2432
e-mail: rdk@aber.ac.uk

Professor Steve Oliver, University of Manchester
Tel: 44-161-606-7260
e-mail: steve.oliver@man.ac.uk

NOTES: Andrew McLaughlin, Media Officer, BBSRC, Tel: 44-179-341-3301, e-mail: Andrew.mclaughlin@bbsrc.ac.uk 'A robot scientist: automated hypothesis generation and experimentation for functional genomics', Nature, 15 Jan 2003. Ross King, Kenneth Whelan, Ffion Jones, Philip Reiser (University of Wales, Aberystwyth), Christopher Bryant (The Robert Gordon University), Stephen Muggleton (Imperial College), Douglas Kell (UMIST) and Stephen Oliver (University of Manchester). Pre-embargo copies of the paper are available for registered members of the press by contacting the Nature press office: Jo Webber, tel: 44-207-843-4571 e-mail: j.webber@nature.com or Katharine Mansell, tel: 44-207-843-4658; e-mail: k.mansell@nature.com

The research was funded by two of the Government's Research Councils - the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) – the Wellcome Trust and PharmDM.


Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.