Student-athletes who get a concussion often return to school within a week but still have significant problems in the classroom and cannot perform at a normal academic level, according to a new study--suggesting the need for accommodations and return-to-learn guidelines following a concussion.
Published in the American Journal of Public Health, the research from the University of Rochester Medical Center is believed to be the first of its kind. Researchers compared academic problems among 70 students following a diagnosed concussion versus academic problems among 108 students who suffered other sports-related injuries to arms or legs, such as an ankle sprain. Most of the athletes were injured during a high school sport or a club or intramural sport at college.
All of them visited emergency departments (EDs) in the Rochester, N.Y., area for treatment within 24 hours of being injured (including the ED at UR Medicine's Strong Memorial Hospital). Investigators used telephone surveys to assess each patient's schoolwork--the ability to concentrate and take tests or quizzes, for example--one week after injury and again one month after the injury occurred.
On a 174-point scale, academic problems among the concussed students were nearly 16 points higher at one week than the students who suffered other types of sports injuries. At one month post-injury, there were no differences except among athletes with a history of two or more prior concussions and females. (Earlier research by the University of Rochester showed that a woman's menstrual cycle plays an important role in brain recovery and that females generally recover more slowly from brain injuries.)
There are no science-based protocols to guide school districts, colleges and concussed athletes about going back to class, said Erin Wasserman, Ph.D. She conducted the research as a doctoral candidate in epidemiology in the Department of Public Health Sciences at UR, from September 2013 through January 2015. Wasserman is now at the Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Center at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, working as a postdoctoral research trainee.
"Most students who play sports are not going to become professional athletes but they will need to continue with school and prepare for a career," Wasserman said. "So, just as they need guidance for when they can play again, they need guidance and protection for when it's appropriate to return to class and what to expect."
The study also noted that 24 percent of students who were diagnosed with a concussion did not return to school within one week. These athletes participated in the survey a month after their injury; having so many students unable to return to class quickly reinforces a need for return-to-learn guidelines and academic accommodations.
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Co-authors include Jeffrey Bazarian, M.D., M.P.H., professor of Emergency Medicine, Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Public Health Sciences at the University of Rochester and a national concussion expert; and UR epidemiologist Edwin van Wijngaarden, Ph.D., associate professor of Public Health Sciences, who was Wasserman's advisor.
Journal
American Journal of Public Health